Bradford, Jonathan
Collins, Amy F. M.
Cheng, Tin S.
Shen, Jialiang
Kerfoot, James
Rance, Graham A.
Li, Jiahan
Mellor, Christopher J.
Beton, Peter H.
Cassabois, Guillaume
Dai, Siyuan
Edgar, James H.
Novikov, Sergei V.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/V05323X/1, EP/V05323X/1, EP/V053884/1, EP/V053884/1, EP/V05323X/1, EP/V05323X/1, EP/V05323X/1)
Alabama Commission on Higher Education
National Science Foundation (CMMI 1538127, DMR-2238691, CMMI 1538127)
American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund (66229-DNI6)
Article History
Received: 7 May 2025
Accepted: 8 October 2025
First Online: 19 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.