Shah, Sambridhi
Mohammadi, Pegah
Singidas, Bess G.
Smith, Kevin A.
Gu, Yanhong
Langston, Luther J.
Taylor, Brian
Siebenaller, Ryan P.
Susner, Michael A.
Rao, Rahul
Cheong, Sang-Wook
Kadobayashi, Hirokazu
Sarmago, Roland V.
Liu, Zhenxian
Matsuoka, Takahiro
Singh, Sobhit
Musfeldt, Janice L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6241-823X
Funding for this research was provided by:
Physical Behavior of Materials, Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0023144)
Physical Behavior of Materials, Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0023144)
Physical Behavior of Materials, Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0023144)
Physical Behavior of Materials, Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0023144)
Physical Behavior of Materials, Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0023144)
Physical Behavior of Materials, Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0023144)
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, Quantum Information Science program (DE-SC-0020340)
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, Quantum Information Science program (DE-SC-0020340)
Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA2386-23-1-4112)
Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA2386-23-1-4112)
Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA2386-23-1-4112)
Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA2386-23-1-4112)
Air Force Office of Scientific Research (LRIR 23RXCOR003)
Air Force Office of Scientific Research (LRIR 23RXCOR003)
AOARD-NSTC (F4GGA21207H002)
AOARD-NSTC (F4GGA21207H002)
W. M. Keck Foundation
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC98-06CH10886)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC98-06CH10886)
National Science Foundation Division of Earth Sciences (EAR) SEES: Synchrotron Earth and Environmental Science (EAR-2223273)
Chicago/DOE Alliance Center (DENA-0004153)
Advanced Cyberinfrastructure Coordination Ecosystem: Services & Support (ACCESS) program, by National Science Foundation (2138259)
Article History
Received: 13 August 2025
Accepted: 7 January 2026
First Online: 17 January 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing financial or non-financial interests.