Wang, Sung-Tsun
Li, Kai-Wei
Weng, Tzu-Ting
Chang, Yu-Cheng
Chung, Chia-Chen
Lo, Chia-Hung
Chen, Shih-Chieh
Ahmed, Tanveer
Chen, Ciao-Fen
Chang, Chan-Yuen
Lo, Shun-Tsung
Lin, Yen-Fu
Hung, Terry Y. T.
Cheng, Chao-Ching
Radu, Iuliana P.
Chueh, Yu-Lun
Lien, Der-Hsien
Funding for this research was provided by:
ational Science and Technology Council, Taiwan (Grant No. NSTC 113-2112-M-007 -034 -MY3, 114-2119-M-007 -015 -MBK, 114-2628-E-007-001)
National Science and Technology Council (Grant No. NSTC 114-2112-M-A49-013)
NSTC T-Star Center Project: Future Semiconductor Technology Research Center (NSTC 114-2634-F-A49-001)
MOE in Taiwan (Yushan Scholar Program)
Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company
Article History
Received: 22 September 2025
Accepted: 10 March 2026
First Online: 26 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.