Gordon, William J.
Landman, Adam
Zhang, Haipeng
Bates, David W.
Article History
Received: 23 September 2019
Accepted: 5 December 2019
First Online: 3 February 2020
Competing interests
: W.J.G. reported research funding from IBM, for work unrelated to this manuscript. A.L. reported receiving personal fees from Abbott Medical Device Cybersecurity Council outside the submitted work. H.Z. reported employment at Cake, an end-of-life planning technology company. DWB reported consulting for EarlySense, which makes patient safety monitoring systems. He receives cash compensation from CDI-Negev Ltd, which is a not-for-profit incubator for health information technology startups. He receives equity from ValeraHealth, which makes software to help patients with chronic diseases, from Clew, which makes software to support clinical decision-making in intensive care, and from MDClone, which produces deidentified versions of clinical data.