Li, Zhongwen http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9759-7461
Xie, He
Wang, Zhouqian
Li, Daoyuan
Chen, Kuan
Zong, Xihang
Qiang, Wei
Wen, Feng
Deng, Zhihong
Chen, Limin
Li, Huiping
Dong, He
Wu, Pengcheng
Sun, Tao
Cheng, Yan
Yang, Yanning
Xue, Jinsong
Zheng, Qinxiang http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0011-3702
Jiang, Jiewei http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4306-793X
Chen, Wei http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4040-6721
Article History
Received: 19 November 2023
Accepted: 21 June 2024
First Online: 6 July 2024
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and received approval from both the institutional review boards/ethics committees of Ningbo Eye Hospital (NEH) (identifier, 2021-xjx-009) and the National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases (NCRCOD) (identifier, 2022-222-K-176-01). All original images (ranging in size from 0.2 to 9 megabytes per image) underwent de-identification to erase any information related to patients before being transferred to study investigators. In the case of retrospectively collected images, the ethics committees of NEH and NCRCOD granted an exemption for informed consent. Conversely, for prospectively collected images, informed consent was obtained from the patients. The study adhered to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT)-AI extension guidelines for reporting clinical studies involving the application of AI<sup>31</sup>.