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Authors
Zhang, Lei
Li, Xiaoran
Chen, Wen
Gu, Yuanjie
Wu, Hao
Lu, Zhong
Dong, Biqin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFF0708700)
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFF0708700)
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFF0708700)
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFF0708700)
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFF0708700)
Shanghai Basic Research Special Zone Program (22TQ020)
Shanghai Basic Research Special Zone Program (22TQ020)
Shanghai Basic Research Special Zone Program (22TQ020)
Shanghai Basic Research Special Zone Program (22TQ020)
Shanghai Basic Research Special Zone Program (22TQ020)
Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality (22ZR1404300, 22ZR1409500)
Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality (22ZR1404300, 22ZR1409500)
Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality (22ZR1404300, 22ZR1409500)
Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality (22ZR1404300, 22ZR1409500)
Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality (22ZR1404300, 22ZR1409500)
Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality (22ZR1404300, 22ZR1409500)
Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan (22S31905500)
Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan (22S31905500)
Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan (22S31905500)
Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan (22S31905500)
Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan (22S31905500)
Medical Engineering Fund of Fudan University (yg2021-032, yg2022-2)
Medical Engineering Fund of Fudan University (yg2021-032, yg2022-2)
Medical Engineering Fund of Fudan University (yg2021-032, yg2022-2)
Medical Engineering Fund of Fudan University (yg2021-032, yg2022-2)
Medical Engineering Fund of Fudan University (yg2021-032, yg2022-2)
Medical Engineering Fund of Fudan University (yg2021-032, yg2022-2)
Medical Engineering Fund of Fudan University (yg2021-032, yg2022-2)
Young Talents of Shanghai Health Commission (2022YQ043)
Huashan Hospital Innovation Fund (2024CX06)
Huashan Hospital Innovation Fund (2024CX06)
Huashan Hospital Innovation Fund (2024CX06)
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Article History
Received: 22 January 2025
Accepted: 10 April 2025
First Online: 30 April 2025
Competing interests
: B.D. has a financial interest in Lishi Intelligent Science & Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and MicroLux (Shanghai) Intelligent Science & Technology Co., Ltd., though these companies did not support this work. All other authors declare no competing interests.
: The clinical study was conducted at a single center and approved by the ethics committees of Huashan Institutional Review Board (HIRB) (Approval Number: 2021-944, Approval Date: Jan. 14, 2022). All patients provided informed consent before participating in the study. The study subjects were patients diagnosed with AK or BCC by clinical examination between January 2022 and January 2024, excluding patients with mental disorders, prisoners, or those in custody. Data collection occurred before biopsy surgery, and biopsy results were used as the final diagnostic results. The research methodology followed the principles outlined in the Helsinki Declaration.
