Ostermann, Max
Freyer, Oscar
Weinhold, Carsten
Martius, Kai
Gilbert, Stephen
Funding for this research was provided by:
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (101094218, 101094218, 101094218, 101094218, 101094218)
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (03ZU1210BA, 03ZU1210BA, 03ZU1210BA, 03ZU1210BA, 03ZU1210BA)
Article History
Received: 15 April 2025
Accepted: 9 May 2025
First Online: 28 May 2025
Competing interests
: M.O. declares no nonfinancial interests and no competing financial interests. O.F. has a leadership role and holds stock in WhalesDontFly GmbH, and has had consulting relationships with Prova Health Ltd. C.W. declares no nonfinancial interests and no competing financial interests. K.M. declares the following competing financial interests: he is an employee of secunet Security Networks AG. S.G. declares a nonfinancial interest as an Advisory Group member of the EY-coordinated “Study on Regulatory Governance and Innovation in the field of Medical Devices” conducted on behalf of the DG SANTE of the European Commission. S.G. declares the following competing financial interests: he has or has had consulting relationships with Una Health GmbH, Lindus Health Ltd., Flo Ltd, ICURA ApS, Rock Health Inc., Thymia Ltd., FORUM Institut für Management GmbH, High-Tech Gründerfonds Management GmbH, DG SANTE, Prova Health Ltd, haleon plc and Ada Health GmbH and holds share options in Ada Health GmbH. S.G. is a News and Views Editor for npj Digital Medicine. S.G. played no role in the internal review or decision to publish this News and Views article.