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Authors
Kurz, Christoph F.
Merzhevich, Tatiana
Eskofier, Bjoern M.
Kather, Jakob Nikolas
Gmeiner, Benjamin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Novartis Pharma
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Article History
Received: 23 April 2025
Accepted: 24 June 2025
First Online: 10 July 2025
Competing interests
: C.F.K. and B.G. report employment and stock ownership from Novartis Pharma. B.G. is a Strategic Advisory Board Member at Fraunhofer IZI-BB. B.G. serves as an Associate Editor of npj Digital Medicine and was not involved in the review or decision-making process for this manuscript. J.N.K. declares consulting services for Bioptimus, France; Panakeia, UK; AstraZeneca, UK; and MultiplexDx, Slovakia. Furthermore, J.N.K. holds shares in StratifAI, Germany, Synagen, Germany, Ignition Lab, Germany; J.N.K. has received an institutional research grant by GSK; and has received honoraria by AstraZeneca, Bayer, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Janssen, Merck, MSD, BMS, Roche, Pfizer, and Fresenius. T.M. and B.M.E. have nothing to declare.
