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Authors
Hayashi, Chisato
Tanemura, Nanae
Taniguchi, Maki
Okano, Tadashi
Toyoda, Hiromitsu
Mashino, Sonoe
Ogata, Soshiro
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (23K21572)
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Article History
Received: 18 December 2024
Accepted: 8 July 2025
First Online: 22 July 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study received approval from the Ethics Committee of the College of Nursing Art & Science and the Research Institute of Nursing Care for People and Community of the University of Hyogo (No. 2021F13). After being fully informed about the study and understanding it, individuals provided their consent to participate in the study in writing or via the Internet.
