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Authors
Haag, Lea
Starke, Georg https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7428-2619
Ploner, Markus https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7767-7170
Ienca, Marcello https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-5444
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hightech-Agenda Bayern
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (32NE30_199436, 32NE30_199436)
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Article History
Received: 7 February 2025
Accepted: 24 July 2025
First Online: 8 August 2025
Competing interests
: M.I. has been a policy advisor on neurotechnology to the OECD, the Council of Europe, the UN, and the EU Parliament. He receives book royalties from Cambridge University Press, Oxford University Press, Routledge, Springer Nature and Elsevier. He is a member of the ethics board of IDUN Technologies, a company producing EEG-earbuds. None of these interests can be construed as a conflict of interest. All other authors declare no competing interests.
