Kirk, Cameron
Packer, Emma
Polhemus, Ashley
MacLean, Mhairi K.
Bailey, Harry
Kluge, Felix
Gaßner, Heiko
Rochester, Lynn
Del Din, Silvia
Yarnall, Alison J.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Innovative Medicines Initiative (820820)
Innovative Medicines Initiative (820820)
Innovative Medicines Initiative (820820)
Innovative Medicines Initiative (820820)
Innovative Medicines Initiative (820820)
Innovative Medicines Initiative (820820)
Innovative Medicines Initiative (820820)
Article History
Received: 21 March 2025
Accepted: 6 August 2025
First Online: 30 September 2025
Competing interests
: A.Y.: received grant funding from Dunhill Medical Trust, EU IMI, NIHR, Parkinson’s UK, Michael J Fox Foundation, Weston Brain Institute, Lewy Body Society, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Cure Parkinson’s Trust, EPSRC, Alzheimer’s Society, Alzheimer’s Research UK. Electrocore provided devices free of charge for a research study (AdVaNSING-PD). Received funding and/or honoraria from Britannia, UCB, Abbvie, GSK, Teva-Lundbeck, GE Healthcare and Genus for attending or speaking at educational events. Remaining authors declare no other competing interests.