Yoon, Hyun-Kyu
Kim, Bo Rim
Kim, Hyo Young
Park, Dae Keun
Kim, Hyo Sung
Cho, Hye-Yeon
Lee, Hyung-Chul
Lee, Hyeonhoon
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Foundation of Korea (2022R1C1C101275313)
Seoul National University Hospital (0320212080)
Korea Health Industry Development Institute (RS-2024-00439677, RS-2024-00439677)
Article History
Received: 13 February 2025
Accepted: 12 August 2025
First Online: 30 September 2025
Competing interests
: H.L. is an associate editor of npj Digital Medicine. The other authors declare no competing interests.