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Authors
Williams, Simon C.
Khan, Danyal Z.
Bano, Sophia
Blandford, Ann
Clarkson, Matthew J.
Costanza, Enrico
Mazomenos, Evangelos B.
Stoyanov, Danail
McCulloch, Peter
Marcus, Hani J.
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Article History
Received: 2 July 2025
Accepted: 8 October 2025
First Online: 21 November 2025
Competing interests
: No specific funding was received for this piece of work. SCW is supported by the Amethyst Healthcare Group. HJM is supported by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at University College London. DZK is supported by the Cleveland Clinic London. DS is an employee of Digital Surgery, Medtronic. HJM is an employee of and has shares in Panda Surgical. DS has shares in Panda Surgical, Odin Vision, EnAcuity, and Helico Medical.
