Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (JPMJPF2017)
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP21zf0127005)
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP21zf0127005)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (22K21351)
Article History
Received: 4 July 2025
Accepted: 4 November 2025
First Online: 11 December 2025
Competing interests
: M.Y. reported receiving payment from The Pokémon Company (Tokyo, Japan) for consultation related to the development of the Pokémon Sleep app. The other authors declare no competing interests.