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Authors
Khurshid, Shaan
Friedman, Sam F.
Al-Alusi, Mostafa A.
Kany, Shinwan
Sommers, Thomas
Anderson, Christopher D.
Ho, Jennifer E.
McManus, David D.
Borowsky, Leila H.
Ashburner, Jeffrey M.
Lubitz, Steven A.
Atlas, Steven J.
Maddah, Mahnaz
Singer, Daniel E.
Ellinor, Patrick T.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K23HL169839)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T32HL007208)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL092577)
American Heart Association (23CDA1050571)
American Heart Association (18SFRN34110082)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (521832260)
European Union (MAESTRIA 965286)
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Article History
Received: 18 July 2025
Accepted: 9 November 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Competing interests
: Dr. Lubitz is employed at Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research and has received research support from Bristol Myers Squibb/Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Fitbit, Medtronic, Premier, and IBM, and has consulted for Bristol Myers Squibb/Pfizer, Blackstone Life Sciences, and Invitae. Dr. Ellinor receives sponsored research support from Bayer AG, IBM Research, Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer and Novo Nordisk; he has also served on advisory boards or consulted for Bayer AG. Dr. Ho has received sponsored research support from Bayer AG and research supplies from EcoNugenics, Inc. Dr. Singer has received research support from the Eliot B. and Edith C. Shoolman Fund of Massachusetts General Hospital and Bristol Myers Squibb, and has consulted for Bristol Myers Squibb, Fitbit (Google), Medtronic, and Pfizer. Dr. Atlas has received sponsored research support from Bristol Myers Squibb/Pfizer and American Heart Association (18SFRN34250007) and has consulted for Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Premier and Fitbit (Google). Dr. Khurshid receives sponsored research support from Bayer AG. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
