Li, Ben
Eisenberg, Naomi
Beaton, Derek
Lee, Douglas S.
Al-Omran, Leen
Wijeysundera, Duminda N.
Hussain, Mohamad A.
Rotstein, Ori D.
Greco, Elisa
de Mestral, Charles
Mamdani, Muhammad
Roche-Nagle, Graham
Al-Omran, Mohammed
Funding for this research was provided by:
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (202210MFE-489827-89477)
Ontario Ministry of Health (Clinician Investigator Program)
PSI Foundation (R22-45)
Schwartz Reisman Institute for Technology and Society at the University of Toronto (Graduate Fellowship)
Brigham and Women’s Hospital (Heart and Vascular Center Faculty Award)
Vascular Therapies (ACCESS-2 Trial)
Humacyte, Inc (V-012 Trial; V-004 Trial)
VenoStent, Inc (SAVE-FistulaS Trial)
Article History
Received: 31 August 2025
Accepted: 18 November 2025
First Online: 4 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.