Carstens, Matthias
Vasisht, Shubha
Zhang, Zheyuan
Barbur, Iulia
Reinke, Annika
Maier-Hein, Lena
Hashimoto, Daniel A.
Kolbinger, Fiona R.
Funding for this research was provided by:
American Surgical Association Foundation (NA)
University of Pennsylvania Linda Pechenik Montague Award (NA)
Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (CoBot 2.0)
Joachim Herz Stiftung (Add-On Fellowship for Interdisciplinary Life Science)
Central Indiana Corporate Partnership (AnalytiXIN Initiative)
Evan and Sue Ann Werling Pancreatic Cancer Research Fund (NA)
Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute (EPAR4157)
Article History
Received: 16 July 2025
Accepted: 27 November 2025
First Online: 17 December 2025
Ethics
Competing interests: D.A.H. is an independent consultant for Medtronic. F.R.K. declares advisory roles for Radical Healthcare, USA and the Surgical Data Science Collective, USA. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.