Reinecke, David
Müller, Nina
Meissner, Anna-Katharina
Fürtjes, Gina
Leyer, Lili
Wang, Claire
Ion-Margineanu, Adrian
Maarouf, Nader
Smith, Andrew
Hollon, Todd C.
Jiang, Cheng
Hou, Xinhai
Al-Shughri, Abdulkader
Körner, Lisa I.
Widhalm, Georg
Roetzer-Pejrimovsky, Thomas
Snuderl, Matija
Camelo-Piragua, Sandra
Golfinos, John G.
Goldbrunner, Roland
Orringer, Daniel A.
von Spreckelsen, Niklas
Neuschmelting, Volker
Funding for this research was provided by:
Deutsche Wirbelsäulenstiftung
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (521771484)
Article History
Received: 30 July 2025
Accepted: 11 December 2025
First Online: 17 March 2026
Competing interests
: D.A.O., T.C.H., and A.I-M. are shareholders in Invenio Imaging, Inc. A.I-M. is employed by Invenio Imaging Inc.. M.S. is a scientific advisor and shareholder of Heidelberg Epignostix and Halo Dx, and a scientific advisor of Arima Genomics and InnoSIGN, and received research funding from Lilly USA, not related to this work. All other authors do not have any competing interests. Industry-affiliated authors had no access to ground truth generation processes (labeling, adjudication) and did not participate in outcome assessments.