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Authors
Rao, Shishir
Ahmed, Nouman
Salimi-Khorshidi, Gholamreza
Yau, Christopher
Su, Huimin
Conrad, Nathalie
Asselbergs, Folkert W.
Woodward, Mark
Jackson, Rod
Cleland, John GF
Rahimi, Kazem
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
HORIZON EUROPE European Innovation Council (101080430)
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Article History
Received: 1 October 2025
Accepted: 16 December 2025
First Online: 8 January 2026
Competing interests
: K.R. is Editor-in-Chief of BMJ Heart. K.R. reports consulting fees from Medtronic CRDN and Lucem Health; honoraria or fees from BMJ Heart, PLoS Medicine, AstraZeneca Middle East and Africa Region, Medscape, Radcliffe Cardiology, and WebMD Medscape UK; and grants from the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), the Medical Research Council, the British Heart Foundation, the Novo Nordisk Foundation, Horizon Europe, and Roche. S.R. is a methodological advisor for BMJ Heart. S.R. reports consultancy fees from Lucem Health and grants from Oxford University Hospital Trust. N.C. reports grants from Wellcome Trust. F.W.A. is an editor for European Heart Journal. All other authors declare no competing interests.
