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Authors
Liu, Yunsong
Carrero, Zunamys I.
Jiang, Xiaofeng
Ferber, Dyke
Wölflein, Georg
Zhang, Li
Jayabalan, Sanddhya
Lenz, Tim
Hui, Zhouguang
Kather, Jakob Nikolas
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
German Cancer Aid (DECADE, 70115166)
German Academic Exchange Service (SECAI, 57616814)
German Federal Joint Committee (TransplantKI, 01VSF21048)
European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme (ODELIA, 101057091; GENIAL, 101096312)
European Research Council (ERC; NADIR, 101114631)
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR203331)
German Research Foundation DFG (TRR 412/1, 535081457; SFB 1709/1 2025, 533056198)
Breast Cancer Research Foundation (BELLADONNA, BCRF-25-225)
German Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space BMFTR (PEARL, 01KD2104C; CAMINO, 01EO2101; TRANSFORM LIVER, 031L0312A; TANGERINE, 01KT2302 through ERA-NET Transcan; Come2Data, 16DKZ2044A; DEEP-HCC, 031L0315A; DECIPHER-M, 01KD2420A; NextBIG, 01ZU2402A)
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Article History
Received: 9 September 2025
Accepted: 6 February 2026
First Online: 18 February 2026
Competing interests
: J.N.K. declares ongoing consulting services for AstraZeneca and Bioptimus. Furthermore, he holds shares in StratifAI, Synagen, and Spira Labs, has received an institutional research grant from GSK and AstraZeneca, as well as honoraria from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Janssen, Merck, MSD, BMS, Roche, Pfizer, and Fresenius. Author J.N.K. is the Deputy Editor of the npj Precision Oncology. J.N.K. was not involved in the journal’s review of, or decisions related to, this manuscript.
