Schaal, Jan
Leutritz, Tobias
Lindner, Marco
Zamzow, Alexander
Backhaus, Joy
König, Sarah
Mühling, Tobias
Article History
Received: 19 September 2025
Accepted: 14 February 2026
First Online: 9 March 2026
Competing interests
: T.M. was involved in the software development of the STEP-VR software. Moreover, T.M. reports a familial relationship to the managing director of OrangeWhip Interactive, which acquired the STEP-VR training software after the completion of data collection for this study (October 2025). OrangeWhip Interactive had no role in the study design, data acquisition, data analysis, interpretation, or the decision to publish these results. All other authors declare no competing interests.