Chen, Shu-Han
Chang, Ray-E
Lien, Chia-En
Yang, Dun-Jhu
Yao, Pei
Wu, Meng-Lu
Chen, Kun-Hui
Funding for this research was provided by:
St. Paul’s Hospital (SPMRP-U1-8002)
Acer Medical Inc (N/A)
Article History
Received: 24 July 2025
Accepted: 14 February 2026
First Online: 19 March 2026
Competing interests
: K.-H.C. received research funding from Acer Medical Inc. to support the technical development of the AI model published in the previous work (Reference 23). C.-E.L. is an employee of Acer Medical Inc. D.-J.Y. is an employee of Acer Inc. All other authors declare no competing interests. The study was independently designed and conducted by the clinical team. Commercial collaborators had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, or manuscript preparation.