Wang, Jing
Zhong, Aocheng
Xu, Qian
Huang, Haolin
Zhu, Yuhua
Lu, Jiaying
Wang, Min
Jiang, Jiehui
Li, Chengyang
Ni, Ming
Sun, Kaicong
Guan, Yihui
Lu, Jie
Tian, Mei
Shen, Dinggang
Zhang, Huiwei
Wang, Qian
Zuo, Chuantao
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Basic Research Talent Development Program of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University (2025JC077)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82394432)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82394434,82272039, and 82021002)
the Shanghai Medical Innovation & Development Foundation (SMIDF-150-2025A18)
Shanghai Science and Technology Program Project (25TS1405000)
STI2030-Major Projects (2022ZD0211600)
Article History
Received: 19 November 2025
Accepted: 12 March 2026
First Online: 30 March 2026
Competing interests
: D.G.S. is a consultant and employee of Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence Co., Ltd. The company had no role in designing or performing the study, nor in analyzing or interpreting the data. The other authors declare no competing interests.