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Shi, Ya https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4877-2312

Stanmore, Emma https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4522-5292

McGarrigle, Lisa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0533-3029

Wang, Xiuhua https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6710-7285

Gu, Can https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5135-822X

Ye, Ying https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4930-4333

Todd, Chris https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6645-4505

Funding for this research was provided by:

University of Manchester - China Scholarship Council Joint Scholarship (202108320049)

NIHR Policy Research Unit in Healthy Ageing, Older People and Frailty (NIHR206119)

National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR200299)

Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-04-08

Accepted Manuscript valid from 2026-04-08