Elgendi, Mohamed
Elkhalifa, Azza
Alhashmi, Noor
Aldahmani, Alya
Aljneibi, Noor
Alamro, Dhabia
Jelinek, Herbert F.
Khandoker, Ahsan
Ward, Rabab
Funding for this research was provided by:
Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research (FSU-2025-001)
Article History
Received: 24 December 2025
Accepted: 30 March 2026
First Online: 13 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no conflict of interest. M.E. serves as Associate Editor for npj biosensing and had no role in the peer-review or decision to publish this manuscript.