Byun, Yoon Hwan
Seo, Hyunseok
Won, Jae-Kyung
Lee, Boram
Hong, Duk Hyun
Nam, Sun Mo
Hwang, Jong Ha
Kim, Min-Sung
Kim, Yong-Hwy
Kim, Jang Hun
Yu, Mi Ok
Park, Kyung-Jae
Kim, HoJoon
Das, Sunit
Kong, Doo-Sik
Park, Chul-Kee
Kang, Shin-Hyuk
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea (RS202400338025)
Ministry of Health and Welfare (RS-2022-KH129293)
Korea University Anam Hospital (O241376)
Technology Development Program of the Ministry of SMEs and Startups (RS-2024-00487593)
Article History
Received: 14 December 2025
Accepted: 10 April 2026
First Online: 18 April 2026
Competing interests
: Shin-Hyuk Kang is an advisor to and shareholder of VPIX Medical Inc. The remaining authors declare no competing financial or non-financial interests.