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Authors
Gadd, Charles
Gokhale, Krishna
Acharya, Aditya
Cooper, Jennifer
Crowe, Francesca
Fitzsimmons, Leah
Jackson, Thomas
Nirantharakumar, Krishnarajah
Yau, Christopher
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Birch, Rebecca
Canducci, Marco
Danks, Dominic
d’Elia, Alexander
Denniston, Alastair
Flanagan, Sarah
Gallier, Suzy
Guan, Naijie
Guan, Xin
Guellil, Imane
Gkoutos, Georgios
Haroon, Shamil
Hathaway, Eleanor
Jackson, Louise
Lord, Janet
Majid, Zeinab
Marshall, Tom
Morris, George
Owen, Charlotte
Sapey, Elizabeth
Sainsbury, Chris
Spurway, Charlotte
Tino, Peter
Wambua, Steven
Azcoaga-Lorenzo, Amaya
McCowan, Colin
Pedro, Luciana Rocha
Usman, Muhammad
Hong, Natalia
Matijevic, Sara
Martens, Kaspar
Williams, Tim
Myles, Puja
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR202632)
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/V023233/1)
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Article History
Received: 6 November 2025
Accepted: 25 April 2026
First Online: 9 May 2026
Competing interests
: K.N. and K.G. are co-directors of DExtER operating division, which is part of the University of Birmingham. DExtER operating division supports the extraction and preparation of healthcare data to support epidemiological analyses such as those seen in this article. The other authors do not have any competing interests.
