Pimenta, Andreia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9990-4581
Kini, Nisha https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8234-9438
Cotte, Fabienne https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2898-422X
Lourenço, Filipa Dias https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4921-6235
Pereira, Miguel Paiva https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3783-6114
Schmude, Marcel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7519-1724
Lemesiou, Athena https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3593-4270
Gilbert, Stephen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1997-1689
Mehrali, Tauseef https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8086-5113
Monteiro, Micaela Seemann https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5643-8355
Flores, Pedro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8991-1980
Article History
Received: 19 November 2025
Accepted: 25 April 2026
First Online: 21 May 2026
Competing interests
: A.L. is employed by Ada Health. A.P., N.K., M.S. and T.M. are former employees of Ada Health. S.G. and F.C. are consultants for Ada Health, and S.G., T.M., A.P. and F.C. hold share options in the company. S.G. declares a nonfinancial interest as an Advisory Group member of the EY-coordinated “Study on Regulatory Governance and Innovation in the field of Medical Devices” conducted on behalf of the Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety (SANTE) of the European Commission. S.G. declares the following competing financial interests: he has or has had consulting relationships with Una Health GmbH, Lindus Health Ltd., Flo Ltd, ICURA ApS, Rock Health Inc., Thymia Ltd., FORUM Institut für Management GmbH, High-Tech Gründerfonds Management GmbH, Prova Health Ltd, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation Of the European Commission. T.M. declares the following competing financial interests: he has or has had consulting relationships with Suvera & iPlato Healthcare. F.C. declares the following competing financial interests: she has or has had consulting relationships with Flo Ltd and Amboss SE. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.