Li, Lingyu
Zhao, Weiqin
Zhang, Qingpeng
Ching, Wai-Ki
Liu, Zhi-Ping
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hong Kong RGC GRF Grant (17209225)
Hong Kong RGC GRF Grant (17309522)
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFA0712402)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (92374107)
Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program (2023CXGC010509)
Article History
Received: 29 November 2025
Accepted: 4 May 2026
First Online: 25 May 2026
Competing interests
: Qingpeng Zhang is an associate editor of npj Digital Medicine. The concerned author is not part of the peer review process or decision-making of the manuscript.