Xia, Jingsong
Zhao, Di
Zhang, Yiming
Chen, Leilei
Yang, Zhenhua
Shi, Dengqing
Liu, Chao
Meng, Haoyu
Wang, Liansheng
Liu, Jiabao
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (81901416)
Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20191067)
Article History
Received: 31 January 2026
Accepted: 12 May 2026
First Online: 22 May 2026
Competing interests
: J.X., D.Z., L.W., and J.L. are inventors on a pending Chinese patent application (No. 202511493627X) titled “Prediction method based on coronary angiography images and attention mechanism deep learning algorithm,” filed by the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University on October 20, 2025. This application is currently awaiting substantive examination and covers the core deep learning architecture and clinical prediction methodology described in this study. The other authors (Y.Z., L.C., Z.Y., D.S., C.L., and H.M.) declare no competing interests.