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Authors
Wang, Luhao
Gu, Bin
Nie, Yao
Jin, Xingliang
Chen, Chuanxi
Pei, Fei
Li, Guangzhen
Xiao, Ke
Huang, Xu
Liu, Jin
Yan, Hao
Xu, Yu
Bhavani, Sivasubramanium V.
Wu, Jianfeng
Guan, Xiangdong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82402558)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82002076)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82302415)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82472221)
Guangzhou Science and Technology Project (2024A04J4631)
Guangdong Provincial Enterprise Joint Foundation for Basic and Applied Basic Research Key program Project (2023B1515230005)
Guangdong Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine (2020B1111170005)
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Article History
Received: 6 January 2026
Accepted: 2 July 2026
First Online: 13 July 2026
Competing interests
: Pending Patents: (1) Ke Xiao, Xingliang Jin has filed a pending patent related to this work. Inventors: Ke Xiao, Zedan Yu, Xianliang He, Xingliang Jin, Shengyu Zhang, Sanchao Liu, Wenyu Ye, Ming Li, Li Xu, Jian Cen. Application number: EP23852028.2. Status: Pending. This patent covers the use of trend correlations among multiple parameters for the early warning of patient deterioration, which corresponds to the method described in this manuscript that uses high-precision parameter trends to detect early deterioration in patients. (2) Xingliang Jin, Ke Xiao has filed a pending patent related to this work. Inventors: Xianliang He, Zehong Guan, Xingliang Jin, Ke Xiao, Sanchao Liu, Zedan Yu, Bailei Sun, Wenyu Ye, Ming Li, Li Xu, Jian Cen. Application number: EP23852030.8. Status: Pending. This pending patent related to the adopts rule-based methods to warn patient deterioration, which corresponds to the expert rule system described in this manuscript. (3) Jianfeng Wu, Luhao Wang, Xiangdong Guan, Bin Gu, Chuanxi Chen, Fei Pei, Ke Xiao, Hao Yan has filed a pending patent related to this work. Inventors: Jianfeng Wu, Luhao Wang, Xiangdong Guan, Bin Gu, Chuanxi Chen, Fei Pei, Ke Xiao, Zehong Guan, Hao Yan, Wenyu Ye. This patent describes the utilization of monitor multi-parameter trends and baseline characteristics to predict patient deterioration, which corresponds to the extracted trends and baseline characteristics of parameters in this paper. Financial and Non-Financial Interest: This study was conducted in collaboration with Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd., which provided support for methodology and algorithm development. Xingliang Jin, Ke Xiao and Hao Yan are employees of Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd. The remaining authors do not have a competing interest.
