Jung, Taesung https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9226-3198
Zeng, Nanyu https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8601-8486
Fabbri, Jason D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5459-4199
Eichler, Guy https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3793-1872
Li, Zhe https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4176-9687
Zabeh, Erfan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9312-9617
Das, Anup https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8897-7021
Willeke, Konstantin
Wingel, Katie E.
Dubey, Agrita https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2239-9177
Huq, Rizwan
Sharma, Mohit
Hu, Yaoxing
Ramakrishnan, Girish
Tien, Kevin
Mantovani, Paolo
Parihar, Abhinav https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8203-5888
Yin, Heyu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6336-7972
Oswalt, Denise
Misdorp, Alexander https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6355-4420
Uguz, Ilke
Shinn, Tori
Rodriguez, Gabrielle J.
Nealley, Cate https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8993-6014
van der Molen, Tjitse https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6147-542X
Sanborn, Sophia
Gonzales, Ian
Roukes, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2916-6026
Knecht, Jeffrey
Kosik, Kenneth S.
Yoshor, Daniel
Canoll, Peter https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7001-0226
Spinazzi, Eleonora https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2046-0560
Carloni, Luca P. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5600-8931
Pesaran, Bijan
Patel, Saumil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2386-8940
Jacobs, Joshua https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1807-6882
Youngerman, Brett https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4792-3190
Cotton, R. James
Tolias, Andreas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4305-6376
Shepard, Kenneth L. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0665-6775
Funding for this research was provided by:
United States Department of Defense | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (N66001-17-C-4001)
United States Department of Defense | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (N66001-17-C-4001)
United States Department of Defense | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (N66001-17-C-4001)
United States Department of Defense | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (N66001-17-C-4001)
United States Department of Defense | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (N66001-17-C-4001)
United States Department of Defense | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (N66001-17-C-4001)
United States Department of Defense | United States Army | Army Medical Command | Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs (HT9425-23-1-0758)
National Science Foundation (1546296)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01DC019498)
Article History
Received: 21 March 2025
Accepted: 22 October 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Competing interests
: N.Z. is a principal with Kampto Neurotech, LLC, which is commercializing the BISC technology. The BISC technology is patented under US patent 11617890, issued on 4 April 2023, and exclusively licensed to Kampto from Columbia University. The other authors declare no competing interests.