Zhao, Han https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6110-6800
Wang, Lei https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0550-3813
Zhou, Yanze
Liu, Siqi
Qin, Qi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9932-9057
Li, Xueqi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4825-6887
Zhang, Yiru
Xi, Yue
Jiao, Yunrui
Liu, Zhengwu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7968-9469
Hu, Ruofei
Lin, Yudeng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0013-6245
Feng, Xuewei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1463-8270
Lu, Liangjun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6036-5103
Hasan, Tawfique https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6250-7582
Sun, Zhipei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-5293
Liu, Yingzheng
Yao, Peng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0172-4310
Gao, Bin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2417-983X
Qian, He https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3377-5366
Tang, Jianshi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8369-0067
Cai, Weiwei https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3589-7500
Wu, Huaqiang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8359-7997
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (92264201)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (624B2078)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52061135108)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62025111)
Brain Science and Brain-like Intelligence Technology-National Science and Technology Major Project, by Ministry of Science and Technology of the People“s Republic of China
Scientific Research Innovation Capability Support Project for Young Faculty ZYGXQNJSKYCXNLZCXM-E8
the XPLORER Prize, by the New Cornerstone Science Foundation
Article History
Received: 1 February 2025
Accepted: 14 January 2026
First Online: 23 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.