Cardes, Fernando https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1880-6734
Bürgel, Sebastian
Yuan, Xinyue https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1573-343X
Yu, Qianchen https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9364-0508
Rubino, Arianna
Lee, Jihyun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0135-0016
Bounik, Raziyeh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5975-5569
Viswam, Vijay
Hierlemann, Andreas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3838-2468
Franke, Felix https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5550-1222
Article History
Received: 7 April 2025
Accepted: 25 February 2026
First Online: 24 March 2026
Competing interests
: F.C., X.Y., R.B. and F.F. are inventors in a European patent application filed by ETH Zurich (application no. EP25164337.5). The patent application covers certain possible implementations of the monolithic cryptographic sensor discussed in the manuscript. The other authors declare no competing interests.