Gunyhó, András Márton https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8936-4059
Kohvakka, Kassius
Chen, Qi-Ming https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1870-5327
Girard, Jean-Philippe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2967-7854
Kokkoniemi, Roope
Liu, Wei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6085-0408
Möttönen, Mikko https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5084-2298
Article History
Received: 7 January 2025
Accepted: 20 March 2026
First Online: 12 May 2026
Competing interests
: M.M. declares that that he is a cofounder and shareholder of quantum companies IQM Finland Oy and QMill Oy. M.M. also declares that he is an inventor in granted patents FI122887B (Finland), US9255839B2 (United States), JP5973445B2 (Japan) and EP2619813B1 (EU) titled ‘Detector of single microwave photons propagating in a guide’, applied by Aalto-korkeakoulusäätiö, and invented by M.M. and J. Pekola. This patent family describes an ultrasensitive microwave detector concept. M.M. further declares that he is an inventor in pending patent applications WO2022248759A1 and TW202303466A titled ‘Quantum-state readout arrangement and method’, applied by IQM Finland Oy, and invented by M.M. and J. Hassel. This patent family describes a concept of measuring the states of qubits using bolometers. The other authors declare no competing interests.