Li, Songsong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9784-2877
Zhao, Zixuan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6934-0765
Weires, Max https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6568-3270
Hu, Shiyu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1995-2848
Li, Yang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1912-1438
Tang, Lingfeng
Dai, Shilei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5849-0503
Dai, Yahao
Liu, Youdi https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0100-1693
Li, Nan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6818-035X
Liu, Wei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1207-204X
Shan, Naisong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1476-6539
Yin, Junyi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3511-111X
Shi, Xiaoao
Sutyak, Sean
Zhang, Cheng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3026-1159
Xu, Jie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7842-5496
Chen, Junhong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2615-1347
Zhang, Yuepeng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6520-2880
Efimov, Igor R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1483-5039
Xia, Fangfang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6567-0564
Wang, Sihong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3611-0004
Funding for this research was provided by:
United States Department of Defense | United States Navy | Office of Naval Research (N00014-21-1-2266)
United States Department of Defense | United States Navy | Office of Naval Research (N00014-21-1-2581)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (1DP2EB034563)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01-HL141470)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01-HL165002)
DOE | LDRD | Argonne National Laboratory (DE-AC02-06CH11357)
DOE | LDRD | Argonne National Laboratory (DE-AC02-06CH11357)
DOE | LDRD | Argonne National Laboratory (DE-AC02-06CH11357)
DOE | LDRD | Argonne National Laboratory (DE-AC02-06CH11357)
University of Chicago Joint Task Force Initiative
DOE | Office of Science (DE‐SC0014664)
Article History
Received: 20 November 2024
Accepted: 20 April 2026
First Online: 20 May 2026
Competing interests
: S.W., S.L. and M.W. are inventors on a U.S. patent application submitted by the University of Chicago (number UCHI 25-T-145). The other authors declare no competing interests.