Li, Wenjie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9216-0922
Yang, Muwen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5472-765X
Zhao, Zhiheng
Zhao, Ming https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0127-1470
Ye, Rong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4171-5964
Fu, Bing
Chen, Peng https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8582-7661
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (CHE-2303933)
United States Department of Defense | United States Army | U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command | Army Research Office (W911NF2310105)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0004911)
Article History
Received: 3 April 2025
Accepted: 17 September 2025
First Online: 27 October 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.