Nanishi, Etsuro http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9957-7162
McGrath, Marisa E. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7451-4958
O’Meara, Timothy R. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3651-5167
Barman, Soumik http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3641-2125
Yu, Jingyou
Wan, Huahua
Dillen, Carly A.
Menon, Manisha
Seo, Hyuk-Soo http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0646-2102
Song, Kijun http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6037-9345
Xu, Andrew Z. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8576-9836
Sebastian, Luke http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6863-9420
Brook, Byron http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3184-8285
Bosco, Anna-Nicole
Borriello, Francesco
Ernst, Robert K. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5016-8694
Barouch, Dan H. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5127-4659
Dhe-Paganon, Sirano http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0824-5929
Levy, Ofer http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5859-1945
Frieman, Matthew B. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0107-0775
Dowling, David J. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1095-6156
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (HHSN272201400052C, 75N93019C00044, HHSN272201800047C, 1R21AI137932-01A1, 75N93019C00044)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (ASPR-20-01495)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01 AI148166, HHSN272201400007C)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Article History
Received: 8 April 2022
Accepted: 25 July 2022
First Online: 6 August 2022
Competing interests
: The authors declare the following competing interests: O.L. has served as a paid consultant to Moody’s Analytics and the Midsized Bankers Association of America; M.B.F. serves on the scientific advisory board of Aikido Pharma and has collaborative research agreements with Novavax, AstraZeneca, Regeneron and Irazu Bio; E.N., T.R.O., F.B., O.L., and D.J.D. are named inventors on vaccine adjuvant patents. These commercial or financial relationships are unrelated to the current study. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.