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Article History

Received: 8 September 2022

Accepted: 15 February 2023

First Online: 1 March 2023

Competing interests

: I.S. and H.C.S. do not report any conflict of interest related to lighting. O.S. is listed as an inventor on the following patents: US8646939B2—Display system having a circadian effect on humans; DE102010047207B4—Projection system and method for projecting image content; US8994292B2—Adaptive lighting system; WO2006013041A1—Projection device and filter therefor; WO2016092112A1—Method for the selective adjustment of a desired brightness and/or colour of a specific spatial area, and data processing device therefor. O.S. is a member of the Daylight Academy, Good Light Group and Swiss Lighting Society. O.S. has had the following commercial interests in the last two years (2020–2022) related to lighting: Investigator-initiated research grants from SBB, Skyguide, Toshiba, Schneider, Lighting Europe, VW, VELUX and LightnTec. R.J.L. is a named inventor on patent applications relating to the design of multiprimary displays (“Improvements in image formation” and “Matching colours for a 5 primary display”); has received investigator-initiated research support from Philips Lighting and Signify; and honoraria from Samsung Electronics. M.S. is named as an inventor on a patent application (“Determining metameric settings for a non-linear light source”, WO2020161499A1). C.C. has had the following commercial interests in the last two years (2020–2022) related to lighting: honoraria, travel, accommodation and/or meals for invited keynote lectures, conference presentations or teaching from Toshiba Materials, Velux, Firalux, Lighting Europe, Electrosuisse, Novartis, Roche, Elite, Servier, and WIR Bank. C.C. is a member of the Daylight Academy.