Ma, Yanju
Choi, Chi-Yeung http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9829-7460
Shang, Lihai
Klaassen, Marcel
Ma, Zhijun http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7459-9448
Chang, Qing
Jaspers, Veerle L. B. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2385-4493
Bai, Qingquan
He, Tao
Leung, Katherine K-S.
Hassell, Chris J.
Jessop, Roz
Gibson, Luke http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7706-3355
Article History
Received: 16 August 2023
Accepted: 26 April 2024
First Online: 16 May 2024
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All experimental protocols of bird capture and handling in China were strictly complied with the requirement of Chinese Wild Animal Protection Law. Samplings were approved by Liaoning Provincial Forestry and Grassland Bureau (2020-53; 2022–24); Leizhou Natural Resources Bureau (2019-48), Yalujiang National Nature Reserve, Yancheng National Nature Reserve, Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve and Zhanjiang National Nature Reserve for samples collected in Yalujiang, Tiaozini, Yangkou, Chongming Dongtan and Leizhou. And with the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department of the Government of the Hong Kong SAR, China’s approval, samples were collected at Mai Po Nature Reserve. Samples collection in Australia was carried out under the license of the Australian Bird and Bat Banding Scheme (ABBBS). The catching and collection of samples on the shores of Roebuck Bay were conducted with the permission of the Yawuru People. The samples collected in Northwest Australia were under Regulation 17 Licence 08-00741-3 authorised to CJH from the Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions. The samples were collected in Southeast Australia under the license CVL1337 issued to JTC by the Department of National Parks, Sport and Racing, Queensland Government and Department of Primary Industries Animal Ethics license CA 2015-03-845. The samples from Victoria, Australia, were collected under Phillip Island Nature Parks Animal Ethics Committee Permits; 4.2004, 4.2007. We have complied with all relevant ethical regulations for animal use.