Wang, Fei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0890-4595
Hao, Senyue https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0860-7629
Park, Kibeom
Ahmady, Ali
Zhou, Chao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8679-3413
Funding for this research was provided by:
American Society for Reproductive Medicine
Washington University in St. Louis
Article History
Received: 23 October 2024
Accepted: 4 April 2025
First Online: 15 April 2025
Competing interests
: Chao Zhou is an Editorial Board Member for Communications Biology but was not involved in the editorial review of, nor the decision to publish this article.
: During the preparation of this work, the authors used Washington University ChatGPT Beta to improve the readability and language of the manuscript. After using this tool or service, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and took full responsibility for the content of the published article.