Vats, Abhishek https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4797-2136
Xi, Yibo
Wolf-Johnston, Amanda S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-9140
Clinger, Owen D.
Arbuckle, Riley K.
Sheng, Li
Jiang, Xingcan
Dermond, Chase D.
Li, Jonathan
Stolz, Donna B.
St. Leger, Anthony J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2547-200X
Sahel, José-Alain https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-1153
Jackson, Edwin K.
Birder, Lori A.
Chen, Yuanyuan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-1610
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Eye Institute (R01EY030991, R01EY026891, R01EY032482, U01EY034711, R01EY033049, P30EY08098)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R01AG056944)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK135076, R01DK135076)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL109002)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | NCI | Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (R01CA256068)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Center for Research Resources (1S10RR019003)
Research to Prevent Blindness (Unrestricted grant, Medical Student Eye Research Fellowship)
Richard King Mellon Foundation
Article History
Received: 4 April 2024
Accepted: 16 May 2025
First Online: 26 May 2025
Competing interests
: Chen Y. is a co-inventor of patents and pending patents: US11,744,826 and 11,191,752. Jackson E. is a co-inventor on issued US patents 10,729,711 and 11,103,526. Jackson E., Birder L., and Wolf-Johnston A. are co-inventors on pending patents US17/434,894, EPO21792357.2, and PCT/US2022/042471. Jackson E., Birder L., Wolf-Johnston A., and Chen Y. are co-inventors on the pending patent US17/799,546, which is associated with this study.