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Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) has epidermal bladder cells and exhibits characteristics of a facultative halophyte

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-08936-6

Published Online: 2025-11-29

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Vieira, Clarissa Buarque https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3863-4979
Ferreira, Jorge F. S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4550-6761
Sandhu, Devinder https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4193-3408
Sepsenwol, Sol https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6939-2379
Freire, Maria Betânia G. S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0872-5909
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-11-29

Version of Record valid from 2025-12-23
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Article History

Received: 2 October 2024

Accepted: 24 September 2025

First Online: 29 November 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.