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Authors
Manuel, Tabitha D.
Moström, Matilda J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7261-6638
Crooks, Chelsea M.
Davalos, Angel
Barfield, Richard https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6276-7704
Scheef, Elizabeth A.
Kendall, Savannah
Midkiff, Cecily C.
Sprehe, Lesli M.
Trexler, Macey E.
Boquet, Francis A. III
Shroyer, Monica N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6412-0592
Danner, Victoria W.
Doyle-Meyers, Lara A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0212-9548
Weinbaum, Carolyn
Mirza, Anne
Lammi, Stephen
Mitchell, Libby
Otero, Claire E. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7127-2327
Lee, Marissa R.
Rogers, Layne W. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4881-5589
Granek, Joshua https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3908-5016
Owzar, Kouros
Malouli, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1287-7283
Früh, Klaus https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8014-3877
Kowalik, Timothy F.
Chan, Cliburn
Permar, Sallie R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1438-4554
Blair, Robert V. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9616-9414
Kaur, Amitinder https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6609-4896
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (P01 AI129859)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Center for Research Resources (P51OD011104)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Office of Extramural Research, National Institutes of Health (S10 OD026800)
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Article History
Received: 18 July 2025
Accepted: 10 October 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare the following competing interests: S.R.P. provides individual consulting services to Moderna, Merck, Dynavax, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, and Imunon, (for vaccines). Dynavax, Pfizer, and Moderna have provided grants for her Institutional sponsored programs. OHSU and K Früh have a financial interest in Vir Biotechnology, Inc., a company that may have a commercial interest in the results of this research and technology. This potential conflict of interest has been reviewed and managed by OHSU. All other authors declare no competing interests.
