Mann, Mandeep Kaur https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8252-6107
Yin, Yanting
Marsili, Simone
Xie, Jiexiong
Doijen, Jordi
Miller, Robyn
Piassek, Madison
van den Broeck, Nick
Kariuki, Christopher Kinyanjui https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6596-9304
de Gruyter, Heidi L. M.
Leijs, Anouk A.
Snijder, Eric J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3297-2309
van Hemert, Martijn J.
Keustermans, Ken
Van Gool, Michiel https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5424-1377
Yu, Xiaodi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7520-0646
Loock, Marnix van
Koul, Anil
Sharma, Sujata https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7588-2939
Van Damme, Ellen
Abeywickrema, Pravien https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1017-0384
Article History
Received: 7 April 2025
Accepted: 13 October 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Competing interests
: E.V.D., M.V.L., and M.V.G. have been named an inventor in a pending patent application claiming inhibitors of coronavirus (WO 2024008909), which was filed by the Applicant Janssen Pharmaceutica NV. M.K.M., Y.Y., P.A., R.M., M.P., M.V.L., M.V.G., E.V.D., S.M., J.D., C.K., J.X., X.Y., and S.S. were/are employees of J&J Innovative Medicine and may possess stocks of Johnson & Johnson. N.V.D.B. and K.K. are employees of Charles River Laboratories, a contract research organization and may possess stocks of Johnson & Johnson. A.A.L., Hd.G., E.J.S., and Mv.H. received funding from Janssen Pharmaceutica to perform contract research. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.