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Authors
Nakamura, Ryoichi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4854-3579
Tohnai, Genki
Atsuta, Naoki
Matsuda, Yumi https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2312-0842
Morimoto, Satoru
Ito, Daisuke
Katsuno, Masahisa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9453-9311
Izumi, Yuishin
Morita, Mitsuya
Iwata, Ikuko
Yabe, Ichiro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1734-7997
Nakazato, Tomoko
Hattori, Nobutaka https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2034-2556
Hirayama, Takehisa
Kano, Osamu
Tamura, Asako
Suzuki, Naoki https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8880-8554
Aoki, Masashi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7284-1069
Shibuya, Kazumoto
Kuwabara, Satoshi
Oda, Masaya
Hashimoto, Rina
Aiba, Ikuko
Ishihara, Tomohiko
Onodera, Osamu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3354-5472
Yamashita, Toru https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3634-5679
Ishiura, Hiroyuki
Bokuda, Kota
Shimizu, Toshio
Ikeda, Yoshio
Hasegawa, Kazuko
Tanaka, Fumiaki
Yokota, Takanori
Kanai, Kazuaki
Noto, Yu-ichi
Kaji, Ryuji https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6207-1080
Watanabe, Hirohisa
Konishi, Tomoko
Hasegawa, Mikiko
Fukaya, Hozuki
Niwa, Jun-ichi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7137-4662
Doyu, Manabu
Okada, Yohei https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5253-8556
Nakamura, Shiho
Ozawa, Fumiko
Okano, Hideyuki https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7482-5935
Nakatochi, Masahiro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1838-4837
Sobue, Gen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4769-5922
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (23FC0201)
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP23ek0109492, JP23ak0101111, JP23ak0101124, JP24wm0425009, JP24ak0101216, JP24ak0101222, JP25wn0625519, JP25ak0101216, JP25ak0101222, JP25ek0109617, JP23ek0109538, JP23bm1123046, JP23kk0305024, JP23bm1423002, JP24bm1423003, JP23bm1123046, JP23kk0305024, JP23bm1423002, JP19km0405216)
MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (19K07973, 22K07359, 22K07509, 19K06523, 22K07359, 19K07973, 22K07509, 23K06835, 22K07359, 22K07509, 25K10781, 21H05278, 19K06523, 23K06975, 22H02988, 23K06975, 23K24249, 21H05278, 16H06277, 22H04923, 22H03350)
Hori Sciences and Arts Foundation
SERIKA FUND
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Article History
Received: 30 September 2024
Accepted: 31 October 2025
First Online: 5 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare the following competing interests: Y.O. is a scientific adviser of Kohjin-Bio. H.O. reports grants and personal fees from K Pharma, Inc. during the conduct of the study and personal fees from Sanbio Co., Ltd. outside the submitted work. In addition, H.O. has a patent on a therapeutic agent for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and a composition for treatment licensed to K Pharma, Inc. All other authors declare no competing interests related to this study.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all study participants.
