Agapiou, Michaela
Norris, Karl
Hopes, Tayah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0785-7299
Ward, Eilidh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7175-8148
Hobor, Fruzsina
Bretman, Amanda
Edwards, Thomas A.
Aspden, Julie L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8537-6204
Funding for this research was provided by:
RCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/M011151/1)
RCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/T007222/1)
RCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/S007407/1)
RCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/X003086/1)
Article History
Received: 19 August 2022
Accepted: 15 December 2025
First Online: 12 January 2026
Competing interests
: J.L.A. is an advisor to Microneedle Solutions. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.