Liccione, Mera F.
Scobey, Trevor
Froggatt, Heather M.
Pajon, Camryn
Yount, Boyd L.
Yin, Qi
Spence, Taylor N.
Walter, Emmanuel B.
Saunders, Kevin O. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7399-7954
Edwards, Robert J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4446-1194
Baric, Ralph S.
Haynes, Barton F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7643-9023
Cain, Derek W. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5988-6729
Sheahan, Timothy P.
Wrapp, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0538-9647
Funding for this research was provided by:
Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (P01 AI158571)
Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI110700)
Article History
Received: 18 July 2025
Accepted: 18 December 2025
First Online: 31 December 2025
Competing interests
: D.W. and B.F.H. have applied for patents concerning HCoV-229E mAbs that are related to this work. R.S.B. has been a member of advisory boards for VaxArt, Takeda and Invivyd, and has collaborative projects with Gilead, J&J, and Hillevax, focused on unrelated projects. E.B.W. has served as an investigator for clinical trials or studies sponsored by Pfizer, Moderna, Seqirus, Najit, and Clinetic; on advisory boards for Pfizer, Seqirus, and Vaxcyte; as a consultant to IliAD Biotechnologies; and as a DSMB member for Emmes and Shionogi. All other authors declare no conflict of interest.