Belser, Jessica A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0755-7368
Brock, Nicole
Sun, Xiangjie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9872-1337
Kieran, Troy J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3711-0727
Pulit-Penaloza, Joanna A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2187-5872
Pappas, Claudia
Zeng, Hui
Gubareva, Larisa V.
Uyeki, Timothy M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5338-8668
Maines, Taronna R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4097-6724
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Article History
Received: 16 October 2025
Accepted: 16 January 2026
First Online: 26 January 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.