Estrada, Gene R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0212-7430
Wittmer, Heiko U. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8861-188X
Setiawan, Endro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3655-4393
Marshall, Andrew J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7703-8811
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (2216525)
Leakey Foundation
Orangutan Conservancy
Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund
American Society of Primatologists
American Philosophical Society
Article History
Received: 4 December 2024
Accepted: 20 February 2026
First Online: 3 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.